Overcoming the 64 key-value pair limit in global state

fabrice · October 11, 2022, 5:05pm

The up to date link is:

wormhole-foundation/wormhole/blob/dev.v2/algorand/MEMORY.md

# Algorand memory allocation

# Table of Contents

1. [Background](about:blank#orgea5c5c2)
2. [The “allocator” program](about:blank#org85bc975)
   1. [Instantiating template variables](about:blank#orgf176818)
      1. [Instantiation, off-chain](about:blank#org2091dfe)
      2. [Instantiation, on-chain](about:blank#orga6fa146)
   2. [Allocating, client-side](about:blank#org74c4227)

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# Background

The Algorand blockchain has a completely different virtual machine from the other chains Wormhole currently supports. The assembly language of Algorand is called TEAL, which runs on the Algorand VM (AVM). This means that understanding the Algorand contracts will require understanding a whole new set of platform-specific features and constraints.

The purpose of this post is to investigate the way the Wormhole contracts handle (or rather, implement) memory management on Algorand. This is particularly interesting because of the unique memory constraints on this platform which require a fair amount of creativity to overcome. This code is critical, and highly non-trivial.

Like EVM bytecode, TEAL is a purpose-designed instruction set, but unlike EVM, there is currently no high-level language (like Solidity) with a compiler targeting TEAL. There is an in-between solution, called pyTEAL. pyTEAL is **not** a compiler from Python to TEAL, instead, it is an embedded domain-specific language for generating TEAL code in Python. This means that each pyTEAL program is a code generator (it’s a heterogeneous two-stage programming language). The thing about multistage programming languages is that you always have to think about when a piece of code will execute - compile time or runtime? We’ll discuss this in detail.

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This is currently the best option if you cannot wait for boxes that should come soon and bring unlimited global storage to Algorand.

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Overcoming the 64 key-value pair limit in global state

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